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From Ettus KB QA
A basic introduction to software defined radio!
Software Defined Radio
I/Q Sampling
In-Phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) sampling allows us to represent each sample point in components to form a phase vector. I/Q sampling offers many advantages including the ability to discriminate between positive and negative frequencies (which is important for an SDR which operates at baseband) and perform complex modulation schemes.
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